Isopropylphenidate

Isopropylphenidate
The skeletal formula of isopropylphenidate
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names	Isopropylphenidate
Systematic name	propan-2-yl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate <-- Class Membership -->
Class Membership
Psychoactive class	Stimulant
Chemical class	piperidine / phenethylamine
Routes of Administration
Oral Dosage WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation. This dosage and duration information has been sourced from TripSit Threshold 5 - 7 mg Light 7 - 10 mg Common 10 - 15 mg Strong 15 - 30 mg Heavy 30 mg + Duration Total 3 - 6 hours Onset 30 - 60 minutes

Summary sheet: Isopropylphenidate

Isopropylphenidate (also known as IPH or IPPD) is a piperidine-based stimulant drug which is closely related to methylphenidate. It has similar effects to methylphenidate but with a longer duration of action.

This substance is available through certain research chemical vendors. It continues to remain available and somewhat legal in many parts of the world.

Chemistry

Isopropylphenidate is a synthetic molecule of the substituted phenethylamine class. It contains a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain. It is structurally similar to amphetamine, featuring a substitution at R_α which is incorporated into a piperdine ring ending at the terminal amine of the phenethylamine chain. Additionally, it contains an isopropyl acetate bound to R₂ of its structure.

Isopropylphenidate is structurally different to ethylphenidate and methylphenidate by the length of the carbon chain on their acetate group. Iso- regards the side chain of one carbon atom bound to two methyl groups, phen- indicates the phenyl ring, id- is contracted from a piperidine ring, and -ate indicates the acetate group containing the oxygens. Isopropylphenidate is a chiral compound, presumably produced as a racemic mixture.

Pharmacology

Although no formal studies on this compound have been carried out, the pharmacology can be speculated based on the subjective effects of this compound and the pharmacological behaviour of isopropylphenidate's parent compounds (methylphenidate and ethylphenidate) which have near identical structural organizations.

It has been speculated that isopropylphenidate most likely acts as both a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning that it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.

Subjective effects

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

The physical effects of isopropylphenidate are often described as less uncomfortable and euphoric than ethylphenidate. They can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:

• Stimulation - Isopropylphenidate is usually considered to be energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is distinct but much weaker than that of amphetamine or methamphetamine and stronger than that of modafinil and caffeine. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity, but at higher dosages it encourages physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which isopropylphenidate presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher doses, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.
• Dehydration
• Appetite suppression
• Vasoconstriction
• Increased heart rate
• Teeth grinding - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of MDMA.

Cognitive effects

The cognitive effects of isopropylphenidate can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of isopropylphenidate is described by many as one of mental stimulation, increased focus, and powerful euphoria. It contains a large number of typical stimulant cognitive effects. Although negative side effects are usually mild at low to moderate doses, they become increasingly likely to manifest themselves with higher amounts or extended usage. This particularly holds true during the offset of the experience.

The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:

• Thought acceleration
• Wakefulness
• Analysis enhancement
• Focus enhancement - This component is most effective at low to moderate doses as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
• Motivation enhancement
• Euphoria - The euphoric rush associated with isopropylphenidate use (as a result of dopamine reuptake inhibition) is very short-lived and compulsive, similar to that of cocaine.

After effects

The effects which occur during the offset of a stimulant experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its peak. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of neurotransmitter depletion. Its effects commonly include:

• Cognitive fatigue
• Thought deceleration
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Wakefulness
• Irritability

Toxicity and harm potential

Main article: Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational isopropylphenidate use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because isopropylphenidate has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried isopropylphenidate within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

As with other stimulants, the chronic use of isopropylphenidate can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of isopropylphenidate develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Isopropylphenidate presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of isopropylphenidate all stimulants will have a reduced effect.

Psychosis

Main article: Stimulant psychosis

Abuse of compounds within the stimulant class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions). A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely. The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.

Dangerous interactions

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

• 25x-NBOMe - Both the NBOMe series and this compound induce powerful stimulation and their interaction may cause severe side effects. These can include thought loops, seizures, increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and heart failure (in extreme cases).
• Alcohol - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a depressant, with stimulants due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the sedative effect of alcohol which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified disinhibition as well as respiratory depression. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
• DXM - This combination may cause increased heart rate and panic attacks.
• MXE - Increased heart rate and blood pressure may occur.
• Tramadol - This combination can increase the risk of seizures.
• MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, αMT, and some antidepressants.
• MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
• Cocaine - This combination may increase strain on the heart.

Legal issues

This legality section is a stub. As such, it likely contains incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

• United Kingdom - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.

See also

• Responsible use
• Stimulant
• Methylphenidate
• Ethylphenidate

External links

• Isopropylphenidate (Wikipedia)
• Isopropylphenidate (TripSit)